Some Small Things That Truly Matter In Ball Bearings

There are different types of Ball Bearings, and each are uniquely made, as well as the functions they serve. These components are capable of carrying loads because of their particular construction. Plus, bearings are named according to their rolling element, which is a spherical ball bearing. In fact, they may also be considered as deep groove ball bearing due to their construction and appearance, as these balls run in deep type of grooves in the bearing’s inner and outer race.

Parts of Bearings
Bearings come with different parts such as the following:

1.Cage. An essential component of a bearing, this serves an important function. Mainly, it   is a barrier in between the balls, thus preventing these elements from bumping into one    another during operation.
2.Outer Race. A stationary element of the bearing, which is installed in the housing. It     also enables the load to be transferred from bearing to housing, as this is its     essential  function.
3.Inner race. The inner race is installed on the rotating shaft. Hence, it allows rotation   of the shaft once it is mounted.
4.Balls or Rolling Elements. As the name implies, these components roll or rotate in the     inner race. They carry the load and distribute it along the raceways. Although they      rotate  in the bearing’s inner race, the speed varies from how the inner race moves.

Shielded and Sealed Ball Bearings
Ball bearings have different types based on the way these are constructed and how they function. For instance, in the case of a shielded ball bearing, the rolling elements or balls are protected from external elements such as dirt and debris. There is a particular kind of rubber or plastic that shield or protect balls from outer elements that can result in damages.

As for a sealed ball bearing, there is a lubricant inside that provides total sealing. Moreover, the seal prevents the lubricants from flowing into the balls allowing the grease to remain in the area where the rolling element is.

Additional Facts about Ball Bearings
With the way these are constructed, ball bearings can run even at high speeds and can carry medium loads. These components are present in various items including grinders, mixers and ceiling fans, to name a few. While these can hold radial loads, these may not be able to carry maximum axial loads, which limit them from being used in certain applications with this amount of weight.

As with all types of motors, it is important to conduct proper care and maintenance in ensuring the overall quality and condition of ball bearings. For instance, you need to store these components in areas that are dry and free from moisture. Corrosion can result in ball bearings that are exposed to moisture, and this prevents the component from performing as it should. It is also important to keep it properly lubricated while preventing external elements such as debris, dirt, and dust from getting into its cavity.

Ball Bearings and Predictive Maintenance
Bearing failure accounts for over half of all electric motor failures. Shaft voltage, swarf, and shaft misalignment are among the main culprits for failure.

Developing and sticking to a predictive maintenance program helps to keep an eye on the health of the bearings. Probably the best way to examine ball bearings is using vibration analysis, which of course is one of the many programs L&S Electric provides.

Conclusion
Although small in size, don’t ever underestimate just how important ball bearings are in the scheme of things. Healthy bearings help your rotating equipment run more efficiently, which of course, directly effects your bottom line.

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MAGNETICALLY COUPLED PUMPS

Centrifugal pumps are considered quite robust, and account for up to 90% of the pumps used in the CPI. In contrast to displacement pumps, they are suitable for media containing solids, which are frequently encountered in CPI facilities. Among centrifugal pumps’ main benefits are their ability to function without closed pumping spaces and the fact that they can work without valves. Their functional principle is based on hydraulics, with an impeller, a casing and the seal and bearing unit. The task of the sealing system is to seal off the rotating shaft against the surrounding environment. The selection and combination of a suitable seal and bearing unit is highly important. The important factor here is the hazard potential that the pumped media represents for the surrounding environment.

For non-hazardous media, suitable seals include the following: stuffing-box packings made from various materials and lubricated with water, grease or graphite; hydrodynamic seals with downstream standstill seals; or labyrinth seals that are open to the environment and have pumping and blocking fittings.

When using shaft seal rings and simple mechanical seals, which are typically lubricated with the product to be sealed against, serious problems can result when there is contact with difficult media. Double mechanical seals can be used, but only if they are isolated and lubricated with a medium that is non-hazardous for the surrounding environment and compatible with the pumping medium. Canned motors and magnetic couplings are likewise in use, where the bearing of the shaft is designed as a plain bearing running in the medium, and where no shaft feedthrough is present.

For media with moderate to high hazard potential, the following sealing systems are suitable: double mechanical seal; magnetic coupling; and canned motor. In the case of mechanical seals, double mechanical seals are differentiated from liquid-sealed or gas-sealed versions. Despite major disadvantages, liquid-lubricated seals are used frequently. The disadvantages include the complex, but necessary, sealing systems, which incur higher maintenance costs. More difficult pumping tasks are performed by another variant, which has proven particularly effective with vertical pumps: the gas-lubricated mechanical seal. These seals are suitable because of the simple gas supply, and are characterized by low operating and maintenance costs. In terms of safety, and particularly where there is a risk of materials escaping into the atmosphere, magnetic couplings and canned motors are the preferred choice.

HERMETICALLY SEALED PUMPS

Pumps with canned motors and magnetic couplings are hermetically sealed pumps, with a comparatively reliable sealing. A rotating magnetic field is used to transfer the torque through the closed, thin, typically metallic wall to the pump shaft. This element is also described as the containment cup or can. In the canned motor pump, the pump and motor form a single unit. The rotor and impeller are mounted on a single shaft. In contrast to the double mechanical seal (which is sealed using a separate medium), the canned motor pump does not operate independently of the pumping medium. A further disadvantage of canned motor pumps is that in order to pump gas-laden or magnetizable media and solids, certain additional measures must be included, such as external flushing.

The aspects of energy efficiency and lifecycle costs highlight further severe disadvantages. From an energy-efficiency perspective, the canned motor pump is an obsolete model. Its overall efficiency is typically unsatisfactory by today’s more rigorous standards. Over 30% of the drive energy is lost through heat generation, or heats the pumping medium. One reason for these poor values is the larger gap between the stator and the rotor. The eddy-current losses in the can and friction losses of the rotor in the pumping liquid are additional factors contributing to these pumps’ inefficiency. Apart from the high energy losses from induced eddy currents (in the containment cup or can) and viscosity effects, the high maintenance and operating costs are an important factor when considering lifecycle costs. Compared to the procurement and installation costs (30% of the overall costs)

MAGNETIC COUPLING FUNCTIONS

The magnetic coupling is characterized by torque transmission without shaft feedthrough. Up to 15% of the drive energy is lost through eddy current losses in the metallic containment cup or through friction losses of the internal magnet rotor in the pumping liquid. Worth emphasizing, however, is the lower heat transmission into the pumping medium when compared to canned motor pumps. Particularly with media that have critical boiling points, the relatively high heat transmission from the motor to the pumping medium, which is typical of canned motor pumps, can lead to complications. If the efficiency of the drive motor of the magnetically coupled pump with a metallic containment cup is incorporated into the analysis, an efficiency advantage of approximately 5% is achieved for the magnetically coupled pump when compared to the canned motor pump.

Media with critical boiling points and a proportion of solids represent a further area of consideration. Solids impair the plain bearing and containment cup, and can even disconnect the can. The greatest hazard potential for magnetic couplings relates to the fracture of the containment cup. If fracture occurs, liquid under pumping pressure can then escape into the atmosphere unimpeded.


When the liquid is directed through the bearing arrangement in a magnetic coupling configuration, the flushing flow is directed either from the outer diameter of the impeller through the casing wall, or from the pressure port to the bearing arrangement. The prerequisite here is that the difference between the flushing pressure (PD) and the suction pressure (PS) must be sufficiently high to generate an adequate flushing flow to transport away the heat. The flushing pressure of the bearing is higher than the boiling pressure of the pumping medium, and should be higher than the suction pressure of the bearing.

The heat balance also must be considered. Eddy-current losses and hydraulic losses increase the discharge temperature of the pumping liquid. This heating of the medium must be transported away with the pumping flow; the minimum flowrate is calculated from this.

In order to secure against the risk of a containment cup fracture, double-walled containment cups with leakage sensors or sealing systems downstream of the containment cup are used. By contrast, the canned motor is a secure hermetic seal, because after a can fracture, the liquid is first caught by the can, and does not escape into the atmosphere.

Through the use of appropriate sealing or flushing liquids, which are fed into the bearing area, and through complete monitoring of the operating parameters, every hermetically sealed pump can also be equipped for pumping difficult pumping media, such as media containing solids

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Tapered Roller Bearings Latest Improvements

A tapered roller bearing can be described as a component that contains tapered rings as well as rollers. A roller bearing was designed with the purpose of handling combination loads. The tapered bearing allows the rings to improve rolling by coming together at particular locations. Such rollers with bearing have been found to lead to a significant reduction in friction. By keeping the contact angle in mind, bearing suppliers have been able to cater to a wide variety of load capacity requirements. Common uses of rollers with bearings include superior radial load movement and other heavy duty operations. Thus, the Tapered Roller Bearings Market is well placed to register a significant amount of growth during the forecast period of 2016-2021

Many a roller bearing company has focused on the tapered design for developing various advantages. Such bearing types not only decrease friction to a great extent, but also generate a smaller amount of heat. The generation of excessive heat was one of the main limitations to hold back previous roller bearing varieties.

The R&D efforts undertaken by the Tapered Roller Bearings Market has also led to a significant enhancement in operation life. Many a taper roller bearing manufacturer has witnessed the great rise demand for the purpose of transmission shafts as well as rotating axles. Since the latest models are so durable, the shafts can now be operated for thousands of miles without a breakdown or maintenance. Their reliability has also led to them being integrated with several heavy duty processes.

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Personality Tests Helping You Make The Right Career Choice

What does your personality have to do with your career? And how can a 19th-century psychiatrist help you pick out your dream occupation? Watch this lesson to find out more about Carl Jung's career types and personality career assessments.

Choosing Careers

Luanne is in college, and she's feeling very overwhelmed. She knows she should start thinking about what she'll do after college, but she just doesn't know what's right for her. The possibilities seem endless, and she doesn't know how to begin narrowing them down.

Luanne is thinking about her career, or long-term occupational field. Choosing a career can have a big impact on your life for a long time. Depending on what career you choose, you could end up making a lot of money or very little. You could end up very happy and satisfied or drained and depressed. You could end up surrounded by people or working all alone.

You can see why Luanne, and others like her, feel overwhelmed at the prospect of choosing a career. It's a big decision and can be very scary! Luckily, there are some things that Luanne can do to help her find a career that will make her happy. Let's look closer at one way to choose a career, through personality tests.

Personality

So, how can Luanne figure out what type of career is right for her? One thing that she should consider is her personality. Does Luanne like to be around people, or does she prefer to work alone? Does she tend to absorb information from what's right there in front of her or to think about abstract possibilities?

Personality is the combination of traits that make a person who they are. Psychiatrist Carl Jung divided personality traits into four different dichotomies.

1. Extroversion vs. introversion

An extroverted person likes to be around people. They like to talk and work in groups of people. In contrast, someone who is introverted prefers to be alone and ponder things. For example, Luanne really loves going out with friends. She likes to hear people's ideas and talk about her ideas. At home alone, she gets bored. Luanne scores high in extroversion.

On the other hand, her friend Seeley prefers to be alone. She likes to read and hang out at home alone. When she's with friends, she feels overwhelmed. She's more introverted. Luanne will probably enjoy work where she gets to be around other people, while Seeley would prefer jobs that are more solo in nature.

2. Sensing and intuiting

A sensing person gathers information about the world through their five senses. They are grounded in what is right in front of them. On the other hand, people who use their intuition more tend to see possibilities in what's there. For example, Luanne loves to throw ingredients together to make new recipes. She just uses her intuition to see the possibilities of what something like a lemon could eventually become.

Seeley, though, is more grounded. She only makes food by strictly following recipes. She sees things as they are, not as they could be. Luanne will enjoy work where she can look at the big picture and come up with creative ideas, whereas Seeley will be better suited to work that involves dealing with the here-and-now.

3. Thinking and feeling

Some people tend towards thinking about things in an ordered, rational way. Others prefer to relate to the world considering people's feelings and using their gut instincts.

Luanne tends to feel more than think: when one of her friends bought a dress that didn't look good at all, Luanne held back her opinion so that she didn't hurt the person's feelings. But Seeley is much more analytical. She thinks things through logically. When she saw their friend in the dress, she said, 'I don't think you should wear that dress anymore.' She wasn't trying to be rude; she was just saying what was logical.

As far as work goes, feelers, like Luanne, do better in jobs where they are able to make decisions on a case-by-case basis and relate to others in an emotional way, while Seeley (and thinkers like her) do better where there are clearly defined rules and procedures.

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How to Find Bearing Numbers by Size

Bearing part numbers help you to identify the type, size and general uses for a bearing. The part number is usually stamped or printed on the bearing. There are three different types of bearings. Ball bearings are loose spheres that separate the races in a bearing. Roller bearings are circular shaped and function the same way as ball bearings. A needle bearing uses rollers to reduce friction. Occasionally, you may need to replace a bearing, but due to wear and accumulation of dirt, the part number may not be legible. You can identify the replacement bearing by the bearing measurements.

Step 1

Calibrate the micrometer you will use to measure the bearing. Open the micrometer and fit the gauge block between the measuring tips. Turn the thimble to close the micrometer until the measuring tips contact the block. Read the measurement to ensure a margin of error that is no more than plus or minus 0.0005.

Step 2

Write the following in a column on a piece of paper: d =, D=, B/T=. Make a notation at the bottom of the paper that d=inside diameter, D = outside diameter and B/T = width diameter.

Step 3

Measure the inside diameter first. Open the micrometer to the approximate size of the inside opening. Slowly adjust the micrometer until the measuring surface on each side of the micrometer makes contact with each side of the inside opening. Write down the measurement on your paper.

Step 4

Clear away buildup of grime and debris on the outside of the bearing to ensure a more accurate measurement. Measure the outside diameter of the bearing using the same technique in step 2. Write this measurement on your paper using a capital letter "D" for reference.

Step 5

Measure the width of the bearing using the same technique described in step 2. Write down the width measurement noted as "B/T".

Step 6

Use the measurements to find the part number at a bearing dealer, or enter the measurements at a bearing dealer website to search for your part number.

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A Lesson to Introduce Simple Machines

Six simple machines --- levers, wheels and axles, inclined planes, wedges, pulleys and screws --- have either one moving part, or none at all. Simple machines provide mechanical advantage, meaning they multiply the user's muscle power, making it easier to push or pull heavy objects, to lift them, or to shift the direction that the objects are moved.

Levers

Levers have two parts: a bar used for pushing and pulling force, and a fulcrum that works as a pivot point for the bar, and lessens the force that the bar needs to lift an object. There are three classes of levers. The first- class lever (a teeter-totter for example) has a fulcrum in the center. The wheelbarrow is an example of a second-class lever, which has its fulcrum at the far end of the bar. Third-class levers (i.e. forearms, fishing poles) have a fulcrum at the near end of the bar, closest to the person using the lever.

Wheels and Axles

The wheel and axle makes it easier to move objects or loads along the ground without having to drag them. One type of wheel and axle transports the object in the same direction as the wheels are moving, like roller skates or wheel chairs, for instance. The other type of wheel and axle (i.e. doorknob) is stationary and works more like a lever.

Inclined Planes

Inclined planes are straight, slanted surfaces, with one end higher than the other. Examples include ramps, driveways and staircases. They make work easier because it takes less effort to move a load up the ramp. The trade-off is that the load has to be moved a greater distance to get it to the next level.

Wedges

V-shaped wedges look similar to inclined planes but work differently. The wedge can work in one of three ways. For example, shovels work by lifting heavy objects, an axe pries two parts of a log apart, and a doorstop prevents a door from moving.

Pulleys

A pulley consists of a rope, belt or chain fitted into the groove in a wheel. It works by decreasing the amount of effort needed or the direction of force required to lift an object. A single, fixed pulley --- like a flagpole --- switches the direction of force needed to lift that flag. A multiple pulley decreases the necessary effort by distributing the effort over two, three, or four attached pulleys. The trade-off: increasing the number of pulleys means increasing the distance that the rope, chain or belt needs to travel, thus requiring it to be longer.

Screws

Screws are inclined planes that spiral around a center column. Screws and light bulbs both require that a pushing, twisting force be applied to one end. This fastens a screws into wood, or a light bulb in a socket. A screw with wider threads (spiraling ramps) requires more force to turn them. Tighter threads need less force applied, but require a lot more turning.

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